Cognitive Behavior Therapy - 1617 Words

Cognitive Behavior Therapy started as Behavior Therapy in 1966 by ten behaviorist who did not agree with the Freudian psychoanalytic model. Behavior Therapy really begins in the early 1900s during the behaviorist movement starting with Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Thorndike, and Hull along with many other scientists that were primarily dealing with behavior and the observation of behavior. The 1950s two research groups in South Africa were on the way to making behavior therapy a science based therapy based on learning principles (Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, 2014). The therapeutic approaches of behavior therapy was an extreme withdrawal from the main psychoanalytic view of the time, behavior therapy differed from many other therapeutic approaches because of the many different ways they applied their principles of classical and operant conditioning to a broad spectrum of behavior problems. B.F. Skinner was a very outspoken representative for Behaviorism and is considered the father of Behavioral therapy. Skinner pioneered radical behaviorism which looks at the properties of the surroundings of one’s world to determine why deviant behaviors exist. Skinner was also a determinist he did not believe in free choice even though Skinner admitted feelings and thoughts exist but did not believe they are the cause of our actions he believed that cause and effect were objective and observable conditions he believed mind and motive had been given too muchShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavior Therapy And Therapy1201 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many that have contributed to cognitive behavior therapy or CBT throughout the years but we are going to focus on the founders of modern day CBT, Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Ellis is responsible for the Rational emotive behavior therapy, the first of the CBT in the 1960’s. The bases of REBT is suggest that a patient’ s emotional distressed stems from their thoughts about a traumatic event, and not the event itself. Ellis developed this approach as a means to get over his personal problemsRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy1349 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck,  Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empiricallyRead MoreIs Cognitive Behavior Therapy? Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesIs Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) effective in reducing negative body image for adolescent females? The approach that was used to answer the practice question had been to use three different search engines: Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. The search terms used to find sources included body image, cognitive behavior therapy, adolescent female, effective, and treatment. Other search terms included eating disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and intervention. The criteria used to determineRead MoreCognitive Therapy ( Cbt ) Or Cognitive Behavior Therapy963 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Therapy (CT) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapy approach to counseling that aims at replacing faulty, unrealistic, or negative thinking patterns and self-defeating beliefs with more accurate, constructive and optimistic patterns that lead to effective understanding and problem solving. CBT like Solution Focused Therapy is a short-term, goal-oriented talk therapy that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-solving. CBT perceives problems as stemming from common placeRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy And Mental Therapy865 Words   |  4 PagesThe cognitive behavior therapy initially treated depression, but extensive research has demonstrated that cognitive behavior therapy works to treat many other psychiatric disorders (Corey p.307). For example, phobias, eating disorders, anxiety, panic disorders, borderline personality, posttraumatic stress disorder etc. Additionally, there is evidence from neuroimaging research that CT therapy reduces the activity in the amygdalohippocampal subcortical region and increase the activity in the frontalRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt )857 Words   |  4 Pagesabout a combination of cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy to form CBT (Hansen, 2008). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) was developed by Aaron Beck in 1967 (field, Beeson, Jones, 2015). In the late mid-1980s, people were still very resistance to the combination of the two therapies, despite the great works of Ellis and Beck (Hansen , 2008). CBT proposed that dysfunctional emotional and behavioral responses were caused directly by dysfunctional thinking, known as cognitive distortions. CBT isRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy1756 Words   |  8 PagesTheoretical Analysis Cognitive Behavioral Theory Several prestigious and monumental contributors commenced the development of cognitive behavioral therapy. The four main catalysts have been Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Judith Beck, and Donald Meichenbaum. Each of these trailblazers lead a different aspect of cognitive behavior therapies. While working through his own personal fears and anxieties, Albert Ellis developed what is now termed rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and is the firstRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)1559 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions and Definition Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes. This is an effective treatment for patients who are dealing with anxiety and depression. CBT refers to a group of psychotherapies that incorporate techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are the two psychologists who came up with therapies. Beck developed the cognitive therapy (CT) that focuses on changing theRead MorePsychology : Cognitive Behavior Therapy Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthis assignment, I was very curious to more about the cognitive behavior therapy (cognitive behavior therapy). The video that we will be referring has Dr. Donald Meichenbaum as the therapist and Beverly who is the client and has anxiety. Before Dr. Meichenbaum started the session with Beverly, Dr. Diane and Carlson introduced Dr. Meichenbaum on the show and discussed about cognitive behavior therapy. Dr. Diane describes cognitive behavior therapy that has an empirically based approach. This approachRead MorePsychology : Cognitive Behavior Therapy1322 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Cognitive Behavior Therapy 2 Cognitive Behavior Therapy Case manager has been working with Ms. Tabitha, who has one child by the name of Michelle, currently 25 years of age, and two deceased twin daughters, as well. Tabitha was diagnosed with having an anxiety disorder, and is taking medication’s to help with her anxiety. Recently, Tabitha failed her housekeeping inspection, and has six months to improve her housekeeping situation, and if she doesn’t, will be evicted from

Plato Essay - 623 Words

Plato Plato was born in Athens to a wealthy family and lived from 429-347 B.C.E. He was Socrates greatest student and held his teacher in such high regard that in most of his works Socrates plays the main character. Some people doubt the existance of Socrates but, like nearly everyone else who appears in Platos works, he is not an invention of Plato: there really was a Socrates (Kraut). Plato wrote many works asking questions about terms such as justice, piety, and immortality to name a few. His works include but are not limited to, The Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Euthyphro, and his most famous work The Republic which was a work about justice. In 387 B.C.E. Plato founded the first great school of antiquity called The Academy. This†¦show more content†¦Eventually, one of the prisoners escape to the outside world and returns to tell the others the truth about what they have been shown and what is really out there. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolizes the transition to the real world, the world of full and perfect being, the world of Forms, which is the proper object of knowledge (Encarta). In other words, a person who has intellectual insights is often misunderstood by those who will not accept the fact that things may not be as they appear. Also, those things that the unenlightened person is apt to believe, may only be what the person wants to believe and not what is actually the case. Plato indicates that we must be willing to accept that there may be an underlying meaning to things which only the enlightened may see. Platos Theory of Forms or Ideas states that if something has a particular form, such as that of a cat, then that resemblance is the essence of that animals catness. If all the attributes are the same or similar, then the animal has the correct form for that particular label. Also, according to Plato, these forms or ideas can only be known through reason (Encarta). An individual is human to the extent that he or she resembles or participates in the Form humanness. If humanness is defined in terms of being a rationalShow MoreRelatedPlato And Plato s Republic1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe ancient Greek Philosopher Plato had an interest in finding the ideal government. In Plato’s Republic, he discusses his ideas and views of how this ideal government would function. He believed that people are born into 3 different classes, with different responsibilities (Plato 415a). Only people in the â€Å"golden† class were fit to rule. The most effective of these rulers would be philosophers, as they have knowledge of the good of the whole (Plato 473d). This system seems too perfect for me. IRead MorePlato967 Words   |  4 Pageswould wish the best for a friend regardless of the friend’s usefulness to them or what pleasure he could attain. Having been raised to strive to attain these virtues, the need for a reason to do so becomes poin tless. Another difference is that Plato believes that the best type of good is one that is desirable both in itself and for the sake of its results, while Aristotle says that if X is desired because it brings you to Y, then Y is ultimately better than X. Therefore, the highest good is oneRead MorePlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmore interested in determining how the world worked and its origins/cosmology, as oppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problemRead MoreThe Republic By Plato Vs. Plato1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Republic by Plato is an vision of an utopian society established through the character of Socrates. Many aspects of Plato’s society appears utopian; however, it can also be viewed dystopian as it is mere subjectiveness. Many of Plato’s arguments apply to current day society; for example, Donald Trump’s rise to power depicts democracy degenerating to despotism. Plato’s Republic is utopian in idealistic terms because the most qualified individual is in charge of society who is able to extend hisRead MoreComparison Between Plato And Plato1101 Words   |  5 Pagesmorality is, how to create justice inside and outside society, the state of nature, equality, and the state of war. They distinguish how the people and government help create a well-oiled society. Comparing Plato to Rousseau, the beginning of philosophy to a more modern perspective. In Crito by Plato, Socrates continues a speech of the Laws of Athens by appealing to a social contract that exists between the Laws and the citizens. By living in Athens, one must abide by the Laws of Athens. Since SocratesRead MorePlato1819 Words   |  8 Pageswinner of the North Award for the best paper in the 2012 Agora. Ben presented an earlier version of this paper at the ACTC Student Conference at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, in March, 2011.) When reading the Apology and the Crito of Plato, one inevitably comes upon a seeming fundamental contradiction between the two dialogues. The Apology presents readers with a defiant Socrates who declares in his trial that, if acquitted on the condition that he never philosophize again, he wouldRead MorePlato s Symposium, By Plato1273 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book,† Plato’s Symposium,† by Plato, who was a philosopher in Greece, he illustrates the dialectic discussion at a party at Agathon’s to celebrate his triumph of his first tragedy. In the Symposium; the guests Phaedrus, an Athenian aristocrat; Pausanias, the legal expert; Eryximachus, a physician; Aristophanes, eminent comic playwright; Agathon ,a tragic poet and host of the banquet; Socrates, eminent philosopher and Plato s teacher; and Alcibiades, a prominent Athenian statesman, oratorRead MorePlato Vs. Rhetoric : Plato And Rhetoric2524 Words   |  11 PagesPlato and Rhetoric Plato is one of the greatest philosophers in history. Often his words and sayings resonate to this day. But, considering all what Plato has done, what is most peculiar about him is his condemnation of poets and sophists. Plato is in a constant fight to see that the way of true philosophy replaces these false arts. But even much more interesting is that Plato goes even further, and condemns the use of rhetoric, the art of persuasion, as a whole. He not only does this adamantlyRead MoreEssay on Plato1158 Words   |  5 PagesPlato: The Life of Plato Plato was born around 427 BC, in Athens Greece to rich and politically involved family. Platos parents spared no expense in educating him; he was taught at the finest schools. He was taught by Socrates and defended Socrates when he was on trial. Plato traveled to Italy and may have even visited Egypt before founding The Academy. Plato also visited Sicily and instructed a young king there before returning to The Academy to teach for twenty years before his death in 347Read MorePlato Vs Aristotle Vs Plato1814 Words   |  8 PagesPlato and Aristotle had a considerable amount of differences in ideology given that Aristotle was Plato’s student for roughly two decades. Plato, a student of Socrates, opposed the idea of average citizens to participate in politics because he believed that political practice was skill or â€Å"technÄ“ that can only be achieved by a few people. He believed that â€Å"kings must be those among them who have proved best both in philosophy and where war is concerned.† (Republic, 491) and that these â€Å"philosopher

Dating Etiquette and Curfews for Teens Free Essays

Should girls ask out boys? Kindling Marie Saracens If you’re wondering whether a girl can ask out a guy, of course you can, she can. But there are a few things to remember before you take the plunge-It’s natural to like a guy. And it’s natural to want to ask a guy out-And its easy. We will write a custom essay sample on Dating Etiquette and Curfews for Teens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buyout shouldn’t do it unless you have no other alternative. Should girls ask out a boy? Most guys say they’re completely fine with it when girls ask a guy out. Some guys even say they prefer it because it takes the pressure off of asking a girl out. But ask us, an we’ll tell you the answer, You shouldn’t do it. Now we’re not Ewing uptight or prejudiced about the male species and their ways. But that’s just the way stolen glances and love works. Guys and girls are different in many ways. And especially when it comes to a relationship great guys like good chase. When you tell a guy you like him Xx not really disappointing, but a guy would never understand how special you are. Nor would he understand how much he needs you until he doesn’t have you. It’s too easy, like a free brochure that you get in your mailbox now and then. It goes trait to the bin. If you like a guy, and want him to stick around, you need to make him like you back before you even ask him out. Its quite pointless to walk up to a guy and tell him you like him. And the conversation’s going to sound like this. Girl (nervous): Hire I like you, and I was wondering if we code go out sometime†¦ Boy (sheepish): Ooh, oh†¦ Kay†¦ Sweet! Girl (relieved): How about we go out sometime? Boy (happy): Yeah, sure, how about Saturday night? And then, the girl’s happy and the boys happy too. And the boys goes to his friends. He learns to brag. Boy (boastful): Herr check this out. That that girl we keep bumping into, you know, the girl with the awesome boobs, she just asked me out. Friends (in awe): Oh, yeah?! That’s hot, dude†¦ O what are you goanna do? Lay her this weekend? Boy (Check magnet): Ha ha ha ha†¦ We’ll find out, won’t we†¦? The bib scores, looks good in front of his friends, get a date and a swollen ego and thinks he’s a chick magnet. The girl may be very sweet, but he doesn’t care. All he cares about is the fact that the girl asked him out. So he must be charming, sexy and could get any girl he wanted. Everyone else soon finds out the girl asked out the guy out. The girl appears needy and easy to get. The guy looks like a rock star. You see, it’s easy to ask a guy out. But when you do that, almost all guys lose the point. He won’t realize hat a nice girl asked him out, he’ll assume he’s really good and all girls will love him. Guys make their own lives harder, but they like it the way it is. Learn to play hard to get and guys, as much as they hate it, will love you for it. Of course, a girl can ask a guy out and the relationship may even go very far on the road of happy love. But in most cases, it doesn’t work in the girl’s favor. Men love the idea of having women swooning over them. Why do you think Bond is such a big hit? For his well cut suits? And what about the axe effects? While guys may feel relieved to cut straight to the chase, or in the case even skip he chase completely, they won’t add you into the equation. For a guy that moment when you ask him out isn’t a chapter in the book Of romance. It’s the first step towards realizing how sexy he is! Now many guys may disagree and claim that they love confident woman whoosh the cones to walk up to a guy and ask him out. But this isn’t always the case. At the end of the day, let’s face it. All a girl has to do is drop a few signs and if a guy does like her back, he’ll probably pop the question even before the girl thinks it. Less safer, and an easier way to get to know if a guy likes you, sans the embarrassment of a guy turning oh down. [ The real truth] So can a girl ask out a guy ever? There’s just one type of guy where a girl asking a guy out is the only way forward. If you’ve fallen for a cute shy guy. These guys are nice, but they’re just so shy and awkward, it’s embarrassing! You can walk past them with a marching band singing â€Å"she’s in love with you† and the guy might just sniffle and try to slip behind the wallpaper. Do curfews keep teens out of trouble ? Even with a curfew teens will do what they want to do. If that means sneaking out, lying or skipping school or etc. Sneaking out gives a teen a thrill and like they are inconvertible. That just sakes them more likely to do much more dangerous stuff. Also, having a curfew just adds stress on teen, because they will freak out about running late and traffic causing them to be late Do curfews keep teens out of trouble? F anyone says that kids will be too scared so sneak out, well wouldn’t they be to break an actual law? Does curfew real keep teens out of trouble? Curfews give teens the chance to change and it works because they have less time out to cause the trouble and get Pregnant do vandalism, go stealing take drugs, smoke Cigarettes, and have under age sex get involved. With the police and Intimidating Behavior. That’s the reason many people believe curfews are a good idea however giving your child a curfew is not going to stop them from doing all this stuff. They may not do it during the night or during their curfew but they may be doing it at day time or even skip school and go get in trouble. Having a curfew does not decrease crimes. Numerous articles by credible sources such as the (National Center for Policy Analysis, the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, and the US Department of Justice) all unanimously agree that curfew, in fact, does NOT lower young crime rates of any kind. Does curfews keep teens out of trouble? Also, I found that the amount of arrests in young for breaking curfew greatly outnumbers the amount of arrests in young for any other crime in young. All of this goes to show that curfews in fact have no effect, and that teaching young teens to have morals and know what is right and what is wrong is greatly more effective than curfews. I’ve had my share of sneaking out, and staying out WAY past the time my parents set before me. It’s only because if you say I can’t do something, want to prove everyone wrong and say that I can do that, and you can’t do anything to stop me. How to cite Dating Etiquette and Curfews for Teens, Papers

Romeo v Conservation Commission of Northern Territory Case Sample

Question: Describe about the Romeo v Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Answer: Background of the Case In the said case the plaintiff was socializing and drinking around certain cliffs that were being managed by the Defendant.[1] She by mistake walked off this cliff thereby injuring her self seriously in the process. The defendant was sued by the plaintiff on the account that there was a failure on the part of the Defendant to provide a fence so that the risk could have been prevented. Issue The High Court of Australia in the said case was reengaged in the difficult issue of the liability of a public authority which was there under common law. This area of law, as has been noted by Kirby J. in the said judgment has been described as being unsettled, unsatisfactory which lacks practical and foreseeable outcomes and as operating as inefficiently and ineffectively. This case is considered to be another successor to the case of Nagle v Rottnest Island Authority[2] a decision that had placed on the statutory authorities a heavy onus for avoiding any type of liability in case of negligence. It was never disputed in the said case that there was duty of care which was owed by the authority. However the issue in the case was the nature, content and origin of the said duty and the application of authorities which were relevant and this was dealt in the Courts six separate judgments. Therefore the main issues that were raised in the said case was with respect to: Breach of Duty Calculus of negligence; and Obvious Risk. Rule of Law The case of the appellant in the said case was that there was a breach of duty on the part of the Commission towards the plaintiff to prevent her from falling as they had not installed lighting that was adequate, there was no warning that was given with respect to the cliffs presence or there was no barrier or fence that had been erected by them on the edge of the cliff. There has been a replacement of the old occupiers liability with the principles of general negligence in the case of Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna[3], it appeared in this case that the statement of the appellant was framed in the terms of this liability which was outdated. However, reliance had been placed by the appellant at the time of argument on the rule of law that has been established under the Nagle case that there should have been positive steps that the Commission should have taken with respect to the prevention of fall from the cliff. It was argued that all that is necessary for imposition of a duty was that the risk was foreseeable that there was a chance that there was someone who could fall down the cliff, especially given that that many visitors to the place, were youthful and exuberant and there was also a possibility which was there of alcohol consumption. On the other hand it was argued by the respondent that the case of Nagel was a distinguishable one, and eve n if the case wasnt a distinguishable one, it needed to be spawned as putting upon the public authorities a duty which was too great of controlling the land which was in use by the public. In the case of Nagle[4] the island was being controlled by the statutory authorities had encouraged the public to swim over there to was found that there was breach of duty to care towards the swimmers as there was failure on the part of the statutory authority to warn with respect to the dangers that were there of diving into the water and striking on the rock that was submerged. The standard of care was set down in the case by majority as the action that a reasonable person in the respondent's situation would have taken to guard against the foreseeable risk of injury which existed. Taking into account the possibility that one or more of the persons to whom the duty is owed might fail to take proper care for his or her, own safety." Angel J. the trial judge in this case had refused the case of ap pellant. The Nagel Case was distinguished on the basis that in that case there was a failure to warn regarding a danger which was hidden where if there would have been a warning sign the same would have acted as a deterrent that was effective. The trial judge in its judgment relied on the judgment by Dixon J in the case of Aiken v Kingborough Corp[5]. in which there was duty that was owed by the public authority which was described as ... [t]he member of the public, entering as of common right, is entitled to expect care for his safety measured according to the nature of the premises ...[T]he public authority in control of such premises is under an obligation to take reasonable care to prevent injury to such a person through dangers arising from the state or condition of the premises which are not apparent and are not to be avoided by the exercise ofordinary care. The operational/policy distinction was also invoked by Angel J. which was explained in the case Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman[6], where it was maintained that there should not be deciding upon questions related to policy by the court which was entrusted by the legislature upon the statutory authority. The decision of the commission as to whether or not there should have been positive steps to sign or fence the area would have involved questions relating to resources and budget allocation which by statute was the Commissions responsibility and not the aspect to be adjudged by the court. Application On application of the rules of law it was opined in this case that only because there was a foreseeable risk it does not mean that there is requirement to do something. It is not correct to read the past authority as that any risk that can be reasonably foreseen however, remote the same might be, must in every situation be guarded against. There should rather be measures and these measures would be determined by inquiring into the circumstances that were relevant. The factors which were considered in this case were[7]: Low probability: There was no injury that had occurred in the area in the last 100 years hence the probability of harm was low. Limited Source: Since the defendant is a public authority the resources are limited and spending money for accidents that are improbably would mean siphoning resources from something important. Obvious Risk: The Plaintiff should have known regarding the danger that was obvious. The fencing would damage the Natural look of the area. High Burden: The burden is very high for erecting a fence everywhere therefore the risk would be costly as well undermining aesthetic sites attraction. There are various interesting examinations of rules of law that have been furnished in the case of Romeo from various different perspectives relating to the liability for negligence of a public authority that is exercising over a land control, it was a case which precedentially rather perplexing for the application of the rules of law. There was diversity which is was with respect to the expressed judicial opinion, even amongst those judges which formed the majority while applying the rules of law to the case, thereby making the said case not entirely satisfactory on the question of whether there has been a proper application of the various authorities which are there.[8] The example which is obvious is the rule of law which was established in the case of Nagle, on one hand it was lamented by the Chief on one hand that there was an inordinate burden that had been placed on the public authorities yet it was insisted by Hayne J. on the other hand that there was no new principle that wa s being established by the Nagle Case and all of the judges except the Chief Justice seems to have applied the principle established in the said case. It was even acknowledged by Kirby J. that there was a considerable criticism that this case subjected to. The Aiken Case was also given a weight that was differing by the majority judges. Brennan CJ was certain that this case completely defined the standard of care which was relevant. For Toohey, Gummow and Hayne, all thought that it was required that it should be read in the light of the Nagle case[9]. Kirby J. on the other hand insisted that the same should be rejected and the forgotten completely. It is quite interesting to note that all the majority judges, expect Hayne J. perhaps, considered that there was an obviousness with respect to the danger and a lack of care by appellant herself, thus limiting the factors which had been enunciated in the case of Aiken. The issues that was central to the case was with respect to the standa rd of care that was owed and whether there was breach of such standard of care, a point that was critical for separation of most of majority from the minority was the fact as the how much it was required of the cliff to be fenced according the case of appellant.[10] It was thought by the minority Gaudron J. that only the area which was near the car park was to be fenced, to which it was added by McHugh J that there were other areas as well from where it was likely that the fall would occur. It was however believed by the majority Gummow, Kirby, Toohey and Hayne JJ believed that it would be important for the Commission to fence the entire cliff for two kilometers, had the argument of the appellant been made out. Though, interestingly the issue was that of causation which could not be divided along the lines of majority and minority. The minority judges obviously thought that there was a proof of causation although it was agreed by them that there could also have been contributory neg ligence but Gummow, Kirby and Toohey JJ there was an agreement regarding causation being made out had there been a breach in duty of erecting a fence of wire.[11] The issue further was that there was compounding of the case further by the mysterious manner in which the girl had fallen off the cliff which could not be resolved conclusively. With respect to the distinction between policy/operation among those who even had mentioned the issue none of the High Court judges were prepared really to committing themselves on a thorough examination or a statement that was definitive with respect to the issue. Conclusion The concept that there were certain kinds of decisions which are non-justifiable which were made by the governmental authority does appear to exist as a principle which is recognizable, but the only conclusion which can be drawn certainly about this case is that the ratio of this case shall not come to play in the case where on substantive grounds a matter can be dispensed such as there being no substantive ground for breach of duty. There might be a sense of relief that is felt from the public authorities who have been given the charge of the management and control of the land of the public including the insurers, for the Nagel case does not appear to yield the outcome in their favor and that a risk which is foreseeable is not equalt to foregone conclusion that there will be a liability on the authority. Although there does not exist a coause for complacency, as there is no settlement in this area of law and there are a number of interpretation which can be provided by this case on the public authorities liability since Nagel. References Aiken v Kingborough Corp[1939] 62 CLR 179 at 209 Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna[1987] 162 CLR 479 Nagle v Rottnest Island Authority[1993] 177 CLR 423 Romeo v Conservation Commission[1998] 151 ALR 263 Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman[1985] HCA 41

El Greco`s Burial Of Count Essays - Angels In Art, Toledo, Spain

El Greco`s "Burial Of Count" This painting is the Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco (the Geek) his real name Domenikos Theotocopoulos. It hangs on the wall in the vestibule of the church of Santo Tome in Toledo, Spain and was painted in 1586. It is oil on canvas and was made to fit the very wall it hangs today. The painting does have a Round top making it a very odd fit for anywhere but the church for it to hang. The artist used many dark shades Blue and blacks with yellow and red in the items of importance and detail. White was very common. There was only one other color sort of hid in the robe of St Augastine,Green. He put alot of details in the things that he wanted the audience to pay attention to. The cross for example on the middle right, the keys to the gates of heaven held by saint peter on the top left and a nice touch with the priest with the skull on his rob on the bottom right. This is the first completely personal work by the artist. There are no longer any references to Roman or Venetian formulas or motifs. He has succeeded in eliminating any description of space. There is no ground, no horizon, no sky and no perspective. Accordingly, there is no conflict, and a convincing expression of a supernatural space is achieved. The painting has a couple of oddities with the boy pointing to the seal on the St. Stephen's robe but his other hand is sort of contorted. The faces of the people seem to be stuck here and there and don't seem to be natural flowing like a crowd should be in the mist of a vision .We get a glimpse of the artist above St Augustine's Hat as he looks up at his own art. And the boy is his son turns out to be his son. The painting is very clearly divided into two zones, the heavenly above and the terrestrial below, but there is little feeling of duality. The upper and lower zones are brought together compositionally (e.g., by the standing figures, by their varied participation in the earthly and heavenly event, by the torches, cross, etc. The grand circular mandorla-like pattern of the two Saints descended from Heaven echoes the pattern formed by the Virgin and Saint John the Baptist, and the action is given explicit expression. The point of equilibrium is the outstretched hand poised in the void between the two Saints, whence the mortal body descends, and the Soul, in the medieval form of a transparent and naked child, is taken up by the angel to be received in Heaven. The supernatural appearance of the Saints is enhanced by the splendor of color and light of their gold vestments. The powerful cumulative emotion expressed by the group of participants is suffused and sustained through the composition by the splendor, variety and vitality of the color and of light. The painting illustrates a popular local legend. In 1312, a certain Don Gonzalo Ruiz, native of Toledo, and Se?or of the town of Orgaz, died (the family received the title of Count, by which he is generally known, only later). He was a pious man who, among other charitable acts, left moneys for the enlargement and adornment of the church of Santo Tome (El Greco's parish church). At his burial, Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine intervened to lay him to rest. The occasion for the commission of the painting for the chapel, in which the Se?or was buried, was the resumption of the tribute payable to the church by the town of Orgaz, which had been withheld for over two centuries. All in all a very interesting piece of art. Though he is kind of a nock off of Michelangelo.

Statistic Chapter 2 Sample Question Essay Example

Statistic Chapter 2 Sample Question Essay Example Statistic Chapter 2 Sample Question Essay Statistic Chapter 2 Sample Question Essay Chapter 2 Study Guide MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The relative frequency of a class is computed by a. dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample size b. dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint c. dividing the sample size by the frequency of the class d. dividing the frequency of the class by the sample size Answer: d 3. The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal a. 1 b. the number of elements in a data set c. the number of classes d. a value between 0 and 1 Answer: b 5. A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent a. qualitative data b. quantitative data c. label data d. either quantitative or qualitative data Answer: a 7. A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a a. frequency distribution b. relative frequency distribution c. frequency d. cumulative frequency distribution Answer: b 9. If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the widest class width will have the a. fewest classes b. most classes c. ame number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the same data Answer: a 11. The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal a. one b. the number of classes c. the number of items in the study d. 100 Answer: d 13. The total number of data items with a value less than the upper limit for the class is given by the a. frequency distribution b. relative frequency distribution c. cumulat ive frequency distribution d. cumulative relative frequency distribution Answer: c Exhibit 2-1 The numbers of hours worked (per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below. Number of hoursFrequency 0 920 10 1980 20 29200 30 39100 15. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The number of students working 19 hours or less a. is 80 b. is 100 c. is 180 d. is 300 Answer: b 17. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of students working 19 hours or less is a. 20% b. 25% c. 75% d. 80% Answer: b 19. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative percent frequency for the class of 30 39 is a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% Answer: a 21. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. If a cumulative frequency distribution is developed for the above data, the last class will have a cumulative frequency of a. 00 b. 1 c. 30 39 d. 400 Answer: d 23. Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The number of students who work 19 hours or less is a. 80 b. 100 c. 200 d. 400 Answer: b 25. In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width a. decreases b. remains unchanged c. increases d. can increase or decrease depending on the data values Answer: c 27. In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to a. one b. 100% c. the total number of elements in the data set Answer: c 29. In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to a. one b. 100 c. the total number of elements in the data set Answer: b 31. A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called a. simultaneous equations b. crosstabulation c. a histogram d. an ogive Answer: b Exhibit 2-2 A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school. Undergraduate Major | |Graduate School |Business |Engineering |Others |Total | |Yes |70 |84 |126 |280 | |No |182 |208 |130 |520 | |Total |252 |292 |256 |800 | 3. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school? a. 280 b. 520 c. 65 d. 32 Answer: c 35. Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school? a. 27. 78 b. 8. 75 c. 7 0 d. 72. 22 Answer: a PROBLEMS 1. Thirty students in the School of Business were asked what their majors were. The following represents their responses (M = Management; A = Accounting; E = Economics; O = Others). A |M |M |A |M |M |E |M |O |A | |E |E |M |A |O |E |M |A |M |A | |M |A |O |A |M |E |E |M |A |M | a. Construct a frequency distribution and a bar graph. b. Construct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart. Answers: a. and b. Relative MajorFrequencyFrequency M120. 4 A90. 3 E60. 2 O 30. 1 Total301. 0 2. Forty shoppers were asked if they preferred the weight of a can of soup to be 6 ounces, 8 ounces, or 10 ounces. Below you are given their responses. | 6 | 6 |6 |10 | 8 | 8 |8 |10 |6 |6 | |10 |10 |8 | 8 | 6 | 6 |6 | 8 |6 |6 | | 8 | 8 |8 |10 | 8 | 8 |6 |10 |8 |6 | | 6 | 8 |8 | 8 |10 |10 |8 |10 |8 |6 | . Construct a frequency distribution and graphically represent the frequency distribution. b. Construct a relative frequency distribution and graphically represent the relative frequency distribution. Answers: a. and b. Relative PreferencesFrequencyFrequency 6 ounces140. 350 8 ounces170. 425 10 ounces 90. 225 Total401. 000 3. A sample of 50 TV viewers were asked, Should TV sponsors pull their sponsorship from programs that draw numerous viewer complaints? Below are the results of the survey. (Y = Yes; N = No; W = Without Opinion) N |W |N |N |Y |N |N |N |Y |N | |N |Y |N |N |N |N |N |Y |N |N | |Y |N |Y |W |N |Y |W |W |N |Y | |W |W |N |W |Y |W |N |W |Y |W | |N |Y |N |Y |N |W |Y |Y |N |Y | a . Construct a frequency distribution and a bar graph. . Construct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart. Answers: a. and b. Relative FrequencyFrequency No240. 48 Yes150. 30 Without Opinion110. 22 Total501. 00 4. The frequency distribution below was constructed from data collected from a group of 25 students. Height in InchesFrequency 58 633 64 695 70 752 76 816 82 874 88 933 94 992 a. Construct a relative frequency distribution. b. Construct a cumulative frequency distribution. c. Construct a cumulative relative frequency distribution. Answers: | | |a. |b. |c. | | | | |Cumulative | |Height | |Relative |Cumulative |Relative | |(In Inches) |Frequency |Frequency |Frequency |Frequency | |58 63 | 3 |0. 12 |3 |0. 12 | |64 69 | 5 |0. 0 |8 |0. 32 | |70 75 | 2 |0. 08 |10 |0. 40 | |76 81 | 6 |0. 24 |16 |0. 64 | |82 87 | 4 |0. 16 |20 |0. 80 | |88 93 | 3 |0. 12 |23 |0. 2 | |94 99 | 2 |0. 08 |25 |1. 00 | | | |1. 00 | | | 5. The grades of 10 students on their first manag ement test are shown below. |94 |61 |96 |66 |92 | |68 |75 |85 |84 |78 | a. Construct a frequency distribution. Let the first class be 60 69. b. Construct a cumulative frequency distribution. c. Construct a relative frequency distribution. Answers: | |a. |b. |c. | | | |Cumulative |Relative | |Class |Frequency |Frequency |Frequency | |60 69 | 3 | 3 |0. 3 | |70 79 | 2 | 5 |0. | |80 89 | 2 | 7 |0. 2 | |90 99 | 3 |10 |0. 3 | |Total |10 | |1. 0 | 6. You are given the following data on the ages of employees at a company. Construct a stem-and-leaf display. |26 |32 |28 |45 |58 | |52 |44 |36 |42 |27 | |41 |53 |55 |48 |32 | 42 |44 |40 |36 |37 | Answer: 2 | 678 3 | 22667 4 | 0124458 5 | 2358 7. Construct a stem-and-leaf display for the following data. |12 |52 |51 |37 |47 |40 |38 |26 |57 |31 | |49 |43 |45 |19 |36 |32 |44 |48 |22 |18 | Answer: 1 | 289 2 | 26 3 | 12678 4 | 0345789 5 | 127 8. For the following observations, plot a scatter diagram and indicate what kind of relationship (if any) exist between x and y. xy 27 619 39 517 411 Answer: A positive relationship between x and y appears to exist.

How does the applied math relate with the insurance field Assignment

How does the applied math relate with the insurance field - Assignment Example For example, when buying or selling an insurance policy, it is important for the two parties to understand the risks involved. These risks are analyzed, and their impact evaluated. This helps in determining the actual amount of the policy and the terms of payment. Secondly, mathematical techniques are used in analyzing utility curves. These curves are useful in determining how much a consumer is going to buy insurance for (Green, 96). In normal cases, the insuring firm has to charge the customer a fee more than the value of the risk. The utility curves thus help the insurance company determine the exact amount the customer is going to pay for the insurance. For example, if a consumer’s average loss per year for repairing his car is $10000, then the insurance company has to charge a fee above this figure for the insurance. This can only be achieved if mathematical techniques are used so as to calculate the actual profit percentage that the insurance company will charge. Thirdly, the insurance sector heavily relies on market research in the development of the various policies and understanding of the existing ones (Green, 97). Market research helps the insurance firms understand the best policies that will satisfy the demands of the market. For example, a company might want to study the market potential before developing a new insurance policy. In order to avoid losses, the company needs to have accurate information about the market. Mathematics is heavily applied in market research. For instance, random sampling can be employed by the insurance firms to understand various phenomenons in the market. In order to effectively collect, organize and analyze such data, mathematical techniques are required for accuracy. In particular, statistical methods are used in marketing research where variables such as standard deviation and variance help in the analysis of the collected data. Finally, applied mathematics is useful when it

W 3 OIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W 3 OIS - Essay Example It is in line with this that a number of reviewers have looked at the implications of Moore’s Law, which advocates faster and cheaper computing in healthcare IT management. Firstly, the Center for Disease Control (2013) notes that Moore’s Law implies for healthcare managers to cut down cost on IT infrastructure by making use of cost effective IT so that there can be sufficient funds to cater for other components of the service. Secondly, Noe and Gerhard (2007) saw Moore’s Law as a revolutionary law in healthcare management that puts emphasis on the need to achieve more within a shorter period of time due to the speed of IT systems. By this and as healthcare managers do more within shorter time frame, efficiency can be guaranteed. Last but not least, the Center for Disease Control (2013) stated that Moore’s Law gives healthcare IT managers a challenge to resist any form of systems that cannot guarantee and secure easier execution of tasks. In effective, there should continue to be conscious efforts that promote user friendliness in the use of healthcare IT

Ethical Leadership Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ethical Leadership - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is leadership as considered a core aspect in the functioning and success of n organization. Basically, ethics assists an organization in fostering good relations with the public and maintaining sales and good returns. Furthermore, ethics ensures that an organization operates according to the expectations of the public and maintains quality productions. In the past, organizations were basically faced with management problems due to the theoretical belief on the practice. However, due to the rising concern over leadership and its effectiveness, need for ethics arose. This led to the need for regulations of employees’ behaviors and decision within an organization. Level of competition has also increased and this led to emergence of unethical practices. This is because organizations were working towards gaining of competitive advantage unfairly. Intense competition in the market also led to emergence of technology in operation. This required organizatio ns to effectively evaluate their operation system and transform it to suit changes in operation so as to avoid losses and increase their market share and level of income in the long-run. However, ethical leadership is traced way back from Plato. This is because ethics emphasize on reputation and Plato was so much concerned with reputation. Furthermore, Chester Bernard traces the source of ethics to executive. This is because he spoke of executive responsibility which conforms code of morals. They are presently k

Health Essays Alzheimer Dementia Disease Essay

Health Essays Alzheimer Dementia Disease Essay Alzheimer Dementia Closing in on Alzheimer’s â€Å"Soon, Alzheimer’s disease will touch everyone in this country in some form or another, so the need to redouble our research efforts greater than ever before. We must have better treatments, earlier detection, and effective strategies to prevent Alzheimer’s. Scientists have made tremendous strides in the last two decades, but the clock is ticking.† -Samuel Gandy, MD, PhD, chair of the Alzheimer’s Association’s Medical and Scientific Advisory Council. There is no cure, but there is hope, for the world’s most leading cause of dementiaALZHEIMERS. â€Å"AD† is a neurodegenerative disorder, the underlying cause still being unknown. The clinical features or the underlying pathology can only be discovered on autopsy and thus the signs and indications of AD are instigated only after years of accretion of the credible causes. Some of the signs include:- Cognitive deterioration. Visual spatial confusion. Loss of recognition of persons and objects. Reduced mobility. Deterioration of muscles. Inability to feed oneself. Language disorientation. The onus of the illness lies in the deposition of fibrillized plaques containing amyloid beta(AB). The AB proposition shows potential for the reason that, as seen in patients with trisomy 21(downs syndrome), who have an additional copy of the gene for AB precursor, almost universally exhibit AD like indications prior to age 40. These signs of AD can be accredited to the cytotoxic potential of the mature aggregated amyloid fibrils. Consequently, a great amount of the research work on lead breakthrough is focused on:- Inhibition of fibrillization. Inhibition of AB precursor to AB. A different supposition understood to elicit the disease cascade, is centered on the effects of aggregated tau proteins. This speculation is sustained by the long standing observation that aggregation of AB plaques does not correlate with neuron loss. Although a great deal is known a propos the disease prognosis, causative or risk factors, the acquaintance we encompass of, in the present day, concerning the fundamental pathological origin or the core cause of the disease is zilch. Nevertheless, ApoE4, the foremost genetic risk factor for AD has been allied with surplus of AB build-up. The risk factors for AD are:- Advancing age. Head injury. Aluminum intake. ApoE4. Poor CVS health. Smoking. AD is most often established based on clinical signs and symptoms, and the history of patient’s infirmity, as a definitive diagnosis is only achievable by performing an autopsy. Common diagnostic tests include:- Memory testing. Intellectual functioning. Neuropsychological screening tests. Blood tests to rule out presence of other diseases. Functional neuro-imaging techniques like SPECT ad PET. Once diagnosed, on an average, survival is 7 – 10 years, the extremes being 4 years to 21 years. Essentials, statistics and incidence of Alzheimer’s:- 24 million people affected with AD worldwide. Slated to become 81 million by 2040. 1 out of 8 people above the age of 65 have AD. Only 19% with AD have the diagnosis recorded in their medical records. 7th leading cause of death in the United States. From 2000-2004, death rate due to AD has increased by 32.8%, while that of breast cancer, prostate cancer, stroke and heart disease has decreased by 2.6, 6.3, 10.4, 8% respectively. Costs of AD and other dementias amount to $148 billion annually. Current drugs in the global market for treatment of Alzheimer’s:- [1]ARICEPT: Key essentials about aricept: Was permitted for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimers by the FDA in 1996, and for the treatment of severe Alzheimers in 2006 Is the #1 prescribed Alzheimer’s drug—worldwide, more than 3.8 million people have been treated with Aricept. Aricept is a drug branded as a cholinesterase inhibitor. It is one of a group of prescriptions that appear to improve the cognitive ability (thinking, perception, judgment and recognition) in people with Alzheimer’s disease. Aricept can reduce behavioral troubles that may be exhibited by people with this type of dementia. Known as a cholinesterase inhibitor, Aricept delays the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine helps communication between the nerve cells and is vital for memory. Side effects are typically mild and tend to disappear as treatment progresses. Common side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, insomnia, muscle cramps. Less common effects are headaches and dizziness. Rare side effects are anorexia, gastric or duodenal ulcers, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, bladder overflow obstruction, liver damage, convulsions, heart problems and psychiatric disturbances. [2]EBIXA: Ebixa fine points: Ebixa is one of a group of drugs called NMDA (n-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonists. These receptors, along with the neurotransmitter glutamate, are implicated in transmitting nerve signals in the brain that may be imperative for learning and memory. Ebixa, which acts on NMDA receptors, facilitates to normalize transmission of nerve signals, and perhaps slow the decline of some indications of Alzheimers disease. Ebixa is not a cure for Alzheimers disease as it does not affect the fundamental degenerative progression of the disease. Ebixa may cause some unwelcome reactions. These may include fatigue, dizziness, sleepiness, headache, hypertension (high blood pressure), constipation, vomiting, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations and sleep disturbance. [3]EXELON: Exelon particulars: Exelon is one of a group of drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors which is intended to treat symptoms in people with mild to moderate Alzheimers disease. Exelon works by reducing the breakdown of acetylcholine and thus escalating the amount of the chemical in the brain, a chemical thought to be vital for learning and memory. The prescription augments the action of acetylcholine by making the receptors it interacts with in the brain more responsive. Exelon is not a cure for Alzheimers disease as it does not affect the fundamental degenerative progression of the disease. Familiar side effects, in addition to nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss, comprise of diarrhea, heartburn, stomach pains, dizziness, headache, weakness, fatigue and difficulty sleeping. A small number of people also experienced fainting. [3]REMINYL: Key specifics on reminyl: Reminyl ER is one of a group of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors which is used to treat symptoms in people with mild to moderate Alzheimers disease. As of June, 2006, Reminyl became available only in the extended release (ER) format. It means that if you were taking Reminyl tablets twice a day prior to June 2006, you would now take a Reminyl ER capsule once a day. It augments the action of acetylcholine by making the receptors it interacts with in the brain more responsive. In the area of the brain first affected by Alzheimers disease, that dealing with cognition and memory, too little acetylcholine is available at the junctions between nerve cells to get messages across to the next nerve cell, The condition is helped, consequently, not only by preserving the acetylcholine from being destroyed by cholinesterase, but by making the receptors more responsive to the inferior amounts of acetylcholine. Reminyl ER is not a cure for Alzheimers disease as it does not affect the fundamental degenerative progression of the disease. probable side effects include: abdominal pain, diarrhea, indigestion, decreased appetite, difficulty swallowing, bleeding in the digestive system, weight loss, low blood potassium, low blood pressure, dehydration, seizures, agitation, aggression, hallucinations, weakness, fever, malaise, leg cramps, tingling in the hands or feet, ringing in the ears, headache, dizziness, tiredness, sleeplessness, runny nose, urinary tract infection, fainting or fluttering of the heart. INTERNATIONAL MARKET STATISTICS FOR DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMERS:   BRAND GENERIC CLASS SPONSOR SALES in (million $) 2004 MARKET SHARE(approx) 2004 2005 Aricept donepezil CI Pfizer 1,266 1,580 58.10% Reminyl galantamine CI JJ 256 343 12.60% Exelon rivastigimine CI Novartis 320 340 12.50% Namenda memantine NMDAA Forest 5 247 9.10% Ebixa memantine NMDAA Lundbeck 28 86 3.20% Axura memantine NMDAA Merz 6 15 0.60% Cognex tacrine CI FirstHorizon 1 1 0.00% Others 87 107 3.90% TOTAL 1,969 2,719 100.00% Total Sales Figures = $2.7B (2005) with Aricept ®having 58% market share. DRUGS IN PIPELINE:- Name of the drug sponsor phase About the drug Data from previous phases. FLURIZAN Myriad 3 It is a selective amyloid lowering agent (SALA) that reduces levels of the toxic peptide amyloid beta 42 (AÃŽ ²42). Reduces the levels of the toxic amyloid beta 42 peptide through the allosteric modulation of gamma-secretase. FLURIZAN has completed Phase2 human clinical trial in 207 patients with Alzheimers disease. Phase 1 safety trial of FLURIZAN in healthy older volunteers identified no serious drug-related side effects. In nonclinical studies, FLURIZAN reduced the levels of the toxic peptide AÃŽ ²42 by approximately 70%, by modulating the action of gamma-secretase. Flurizan reduces amyloid pathology in the brain and prevents memory defects in transgenic mice. ALZHEMED Neurochem Inc. 3 Alzhemed is an oral small organic molecule that has been designed to interfere with the association between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and AÃŽ ² amyloid protein. It is thus thought to prevent GAGs from promoting ÃŽ ²-sheet and amyloid formation. Designed to prevent amyloid formation and deposition in the brain, and thus modify the course of AD. Alzhemed is expected to act on two levels: firstly to prevent and stop the formation and deposition of amyloid fibrils in the brain as well as to bind to soluble AÃŽ ², and secondly to to inhibit the inflammatory response associated with amyloid build-up in AD. Inhibit AÃŽ ² fibrillization and binds and reduces soluble AÃŽ ². VP025 Vasogen 1 Mediated via the regulation of microglial cell activation. Treatment with VP025 reversed age-related decreases in CD200 levels in the brain, reduced levels of microglial cell activation, and restored memory and learning function. Considerable amount of preclinical work has demonstrated: the ability of VP025 to reduce inflammation in models of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. the ability of VP025 to reverse detrimental neurological effects of chronic beta-amyloid exposure the ability of VP025 to reverse age-related inflammation in the brain AAB-001 Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wyeth. 3 Designed to bind and remove the AÃŽ ² peptide that accumulates in the brain. Immunotherapy approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer disease is based on the ability of antibodies raised against AÃŽ ² peptides to bind to and clear AÃŽ ² from the brain, thus removing the peptide and inhibiting the damage to neurons that AÃŽ ² inflicts. Anti-AÃŽ ² antibodies have been shown to prevent the accumulation of AÃŽ ² peptides in the brains of transgenic mouse models of AD (Shenk et al., 1999; Bard et al., 2000; DeMattos et al., 2001). In one clinical trial, patients immunized with AÃŽ ² peptide who actively generated anti-AÃŽ ² antibodies showed a significantly slower rate of decline in cognitive functions (Hock et al., 2003). Long-term follow-up studies of the patients who were involved in the failed phase 2a clinical trial of AN-1792 has shown that NTB (quality of life) scores remained significantly improved in antibody responders. In addition, CSF tau was significantly decreased in antibody responders (Gilman et al., 2005). Closing In on Alzheimer’s:- Lastly, fresh drugs tender genuine hope for repealing the malady. Concluding test outcomes will be out, for a complete novel generation of drugs designed to assault the fundamental basis of Alzheimers disease—medicines that propose, what one specialist calls legitimate, substantial, irrefutable hope for those with mild to moderate forms of the illness. Within three years, its nearly assured, well have disease-modifying drugs that fundamentally amend the nature of Alzheimers. From drugs which facilitate alleviation of merely the symptoms of the disease, we are now moving towards an era which will comprise of drugs that not only slow down the disease, but encompass the potential to wholly reverse it. Scientists are certain that one of the more than four dozen drugs now in human trials will succeed. One of the most hopeful of those, Flurizan, from Myriad Genetics, should complete its tests in the next 18 months. Exceedingly few drugs make it to Phase III clinical trials, the final stride before a drug goes to the FDA for authorization. Today, conversely, nine new Alzheimers treatments are in Phase III trials to test their effectiveness on a large number of patients. And dozens more are in smaller Phase II trials. This subsequent generation of drugs is deliberated to avert, obliterate and clean out deposits of beta-amyloid plaque that exterminate the brains nerve cells, leading to the distressing loss of memory, reason and, eventually, life that typifies Alzheimers. This optimistic information comes as the world awaits an epidemic of Alzheimers, the traumatic variety of dementia that Americans tell pollsters they dread more than heart disease, stroke or diabetes. Today, 5.1 million people in the United States suffer from the disease, but the supreme risk factor is age—the longer a person lives, the greater the likelihood—and in just four years millions of boomers begin to turn 65. One in eight people age 65 and older now has Alzheimers; half of those 85 and older have it. Connoisseurs say still if Alzhemed or another of these premature anti-amyloid drugs fails, that doesnt mean the amyloid theory is incorrect. It merely may mean that the drug didnt eliminate sufficient plaque to appreciably slow or arrest the disease. Finally, with the advent of such promising drugs into the market in the near future, there is potential to mitigate the humanity of the exorbitant fiscal burden due to the disturbing tempo at which Alzheimer’s is making headway. Keeping our fingers crossed might just help. References: http://www.myriad.com/alzheimers/flurizan.php http://www.vasogen.com/sec/vp025 http://www.alzforum.org/ http://www.alz.org/national/documents/PR_FFfactsheet.pdf http://www.alz.org/national/documents/PR_FFquotesheet.pdf http://www.medicinenet.com http://www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com http://www.theracarb.com/documents/investor_%20presentation.pdf http: //www.wikipedia.com

Macbeth: Contrasts of Nature :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Contrasts of Nature In the play, Macbeth, Shakespeare uses contrasts of nature in various ways. He consistently shows us that Macbeth and his wife's actions go against nature. The first lines of the play are a condensed version of the unnaturalness of things to come. "In thunder, lightning or in rain?" ( I, i, 2). In nature, thunder, lightening and rain occur together, but Shakespeare's use of the word "or" infers the unnatural occurrence of one without the others. "When battles lost and won" ( I, i, 4), is also not a natural occurrence. Battles are either lost or won. Shakespeare is implying the future opposites of nature in the forthcoming play. "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" (I, i, 11), further shows the use of inversions and paradoxs in nature that Shakespeare will use throughout the play. One of the main controversies of nature for the reader is that in spite of Macbeth's evil deeds, we still find him likeable. We see him in the same way that the King does when he welcomes him by saying, "O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman" (I, ii, 24). We perceive him as valiant, because he is afraid of sacrificing his humanity. "My thought, whose murder yet is but fantasticle. / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smothered in surmise and nothing is / But what is not" (I, iii, 139-41). Macbeth has doubts about the predictions of the witches. He knows that it could be a trick and his misgivings make him seem to be a better person. Another thing that makes Macbeth likeable to the reader is the contrast with his wife. It is clear from her beginning that she is evil. She has reservations about Macbeth not being evil enough. "Yet do I fear thy nature" (I, V, 14). She fears he is too good to do the kind of evil deeds that she is planning. After Macbeth murders the King, he realizes the extent of evil that he has committed, but also realizes that the deed is done and there is nothing that he can do to rectify it. "As they had seen me with these hangman's hands / List'ning their fear. I could not say ‘Amen!' / When they did say ‘God bless us!'" (II, ii, 27-29). The fact that Macbeth is very troubled, and continues his tirade, "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather / the multitudinous seas incarnadine, / Making the green one red" (II, ii, 59-62), evokes compassion for him from the

Reflective Account Essay

A new little boy started recently in nursery, as he entered nursery i bent down, smiled giving him eye contact i then said hello using his name and told him mine and he smiled back. He had never been to nursery before and he was very excited and had no awareness of the daily routine. i calmly held out my hand and he held out his. holding each others hands i showed him where his name card was, he picked up his name card and we walked over to the self-registration board. i asked him what he would like to play with and he chose to play with the cars. but during his play he become very upset because he wanted to play with the red car and another child had the red car. so i bent down and placed my arm around him and asked to look at me. Tears were rolling down his face and i explained to him that when the other child had finished playing with the red car he would be able to have a turn. i then sat down next to him to take turns in using the garage and sharing the cars. During the session i continued to support him, during lunch time and throughout the session. On occasions when he was unsure of what to do we went over to the routine board and talked him through the pictures so he knew what was happening next. Reflection I felt that i reassured him by letting him know who i was and at all times i made sure i gained his attention by using his name and ensure that he was listening by making sure we gained eye contact before speaking. I helped him with understanding the daily routine and I helped him with his social skills by supporting him with understanding the we need to take turns and share. Next time Next time I will carry on encouraging his social skills and communication skills by supporting him with sharing the toys and taking turns. I will also tell him the children’s names so he will feel part of a group and help with his self esteem. All while letting the child know I will be there to support him and help with his daily needs if he needs it.

A Brief Taste of Mexico essays

A Brief Taste of Mexico essays Aztec natives, who have been traced back thousands of years, originally inhabited Mexico. Despite their natural claim to the land, Hernn Corts was easily able to lead the Spaniards to conquer much of their territory in the 16th century. For this reason, it was Spain that maintained absolute control over Mexico, a gargantuan region that extended as far North as todays Oregon, and as far west as todays Texas. Between the years of 1750 and 1811, various Spanish monarchs ruled the territory. These rulers prevented revolution by strictly enforcing the separation of the inferior masses, denying any resistance opportunities. Although local white Mexicans (of Spanish decent) governed their respective colonies, it was the rulers back in Spain that controlled Mexico as a whole. Spaniards were a minuscule minority; however, until 1822, they used force and strategy to successfully exploit Mexicos resources in search of wealth. In 1811, rebel groups began to fight against their government. Distre ssed by the long war overseas, the Spaniards surrendered to the rebellion, allowing for Mexicos independence in 1822. From 1822-1841, Mexico attempted to use democracy, but the democratic system was misused; other than electing leaders, people still made few political decisions. In addition, leaders were constantly assassinated. In 1841, a lied war hero known as The Unsinkable Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna declared dictatorial power over Mexico, and backed by fearsome soldiers, he showed his Unsinkable side by refusing to lose his power. Santa Annas advantage lay in his large amount of supporters, allowing for better protection than previous leaders. The conservative leader lost his edge when Mexico lost land and lives to the U.S.-Mexican war. Benito Juarez, a liberal, overthrew Santa Anna in 1855. He gained support by writing a constitution, which called for a democracy based on equality. ...

Seven Golden Secrets of Creative Writing

Seven Golden Secrets of Creative Writing In the following quote, master of horror Stephen King hits the raw nerve of creative writing, the single most important step you need to take in your journey towards literary expression – absolute commitment. Without it, you could get lost in the dark, doomed to wander through the long night of literary anonymity like a navigator without a compass or the will to go anywhere.You can approach the act of writing with nervousness, excitement, hopefulness, or even despair†¦ You can come to the act with your fists clenched and your eyes narrowed, ready to kick ass and take down names. You can come to it because you want a girl to marry you or because you want to change the world. Come to it any way but lightly. Let me say it again: you must not come lightly to the blank page.Stephen KingThe blank page represents to great writers what Everest was to Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, what the Apollo 11 moon mission was to Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. It offers an extraordinar y journey to the uncharted regions of the imagination, a formidable challenge to the literary spirit of adventure within us. The problem is that writing creatively needs hard work and great commitment, and the vision to see a conclusion. I have developed the acronym W R I T E R S, which I hope will help you along that creative and adventurous road. It embodies seven golden rules of creative writing.W – where, who, what, when, whyIf you intend writing a book, a short story or even an essay, know exactly Where you are going. If you dont, you could end up going nowhere. When you know your direction use the other four Ws (Who, What, When, Why) to get there. Sketch a rough plan, just as an artist produces rough brush strokes to begin a work of art, and write down the essential ingredients of your story: the characters (WHO), the plot (WHAT), the direction (WHERE), the period (WHEN), the reasons (WHY).R – ResearchAdventure novelist Wilbur Smith, author of dozens of internati onal bestsellers, spends six months a year researching his subject before putting pen to paper. He then spends the next six months writing the book. Because his novels are usually based on real-life sagas, he manages to blend fiction with reality, giving life, energy and plausibility to his characters. Research your storyline and characters exhaustively. Know far more about your subject than you intend to write.I – Images and imaginationOne of the greatest aids to creative writing is the ability to think in images. Before you write it, see it in pictures; and if you can use your senses to strengthen the image, all the better. African locals living near Zambias Victoria Falls call it Mosi oa Tunya – the smoke that thunders, a wonderful description evoked by the sight and sound of this wonder of the world. When youre writing about characters, visualize them, hear them, smell them – your senses will be great accessories for your descriptions.T – TenacityCrea tive writing is not easy; it requires discipline and tenacity. Tenacity means finishing the project at all costs. One quality that separates great authors and the legions of writers of unfinished manuscripts is tenacity – the ability to continue even if you think your work will not succeed. James Joyce, whose book the Dubliners was rejected by 22 publishers, went on to write the best-selling English novel of all-time (Ulysses). So even if you think youre failing, carry on. One author I know wrote several books in a cellar. He climbed down a ladder into the cellar every day, his wife pulled up the ladder, and he stayed there writing until his wife let the ladder down later that day. Ive written 11 books and millions of words and it doesnt get easier – putting the first word down is like scaling the North face of The Eiger.E – EmpathySuccessful writing is all about grabbing the readers attention. Which means your words, characters, dialogue and construction must h ave empathy. Tie them into your own experiences. This does not mean dull-and-boring, long-winded sentences about yourself. It means incisive originality, directness and raw energy your readers can identify with. Let your writing come from the heart and write it straight. If your words are going to drive you to literary success, make sure theyre firing on all cylinders – empathy. Richard Carlson wrote his best-seller Dont Sweat the Small Stuff on a 12-hour Transatlantic flight. The book sold millions of copies because it was empathetic – millions around the world identified with his message.R – RealityThe great masters of fiction, George Orwell, John Steinbeck, Lewis Carrol and, more recently, Roald Dahl and Harry Potters J. K. Rowling captured the worlds imagination with characters that will live forever. The magic of their writing lies in the reality of their characters. So try to construct your characters with care, affection and detail. Build them up by writi ng notes about them – their personal idiosyncracies, their habits, their loves. When you write, go for the jugular – give your readers characters they will love; better still, give them characters drawn from the well of common, everyday human experience.S – SimplicityGreat writers know that simplicity is the bedrock of their craft. Short, clear sentences, short paragraphs, uncomplicated, direct constructions, and prose written from the heart are all you need. The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway was a simple story about a fisherman and a fish, but it hooked millions of readers. The secret was in the simplicity of the dialogue and narration. Dont use long words to impress, and never be pompous or egotistical. Write with passion, music and simplicity – thats the real art of creative writing.

Dickens's Treatment of Education and Social Mobility Essay

Dickens's Treatment of Education and Social Mobility - Essay Example onal system as it existed for the children of the working class, but also to highlight some of the major problems inherent in the education of young gentlemen and even girls in terms of preparing them for the new economy that was emerging. Recognizing the societal shifts that were occurring, he also attempted to call attention to the crass tendencies of the newly rich or at least comfortable middle class, the overbearing and mostly ridiculous preening of the aristocracy and the desperate and uncontrollable situation of the poor. Limited in his scope for possible solutions, Dickens nevertheless included suggestions for reformation in his emphasis upon morality and nobility of spirit rather than the focus upon material wealth as a measure of means. Throughout his novels, Dickens criticized a society that could produce and hold in esteem any establishment that treated children with the cruelty of Dotheby’s Hall or Dr. Blimber. Yet he also criticized the useless education provided to the aristocracy as is illustrated in Pip’s gentlemanly tutoring. This would seem to suggest a general disdain for education altogether. However, through the gentle Fanny, who begs her father for an education and then educates herself further to help little Paul, to the finally repentant and thoroughly educated Pip, Dickens continues to underscore the need and importance of a true education. Dickens’ portrayal of the educational systems available for the poor, as well as the style of many of the private schools offering limited enrollment but similar systems of learning by rote, was highly critical and aimed at bringing the realities of education in England to the attention of the public. That he was successful in portraying an accurate representation can be seen in the fact that schoolmasters of England were frequently identified as the model of Mr. Squeers in Nicholas Nickleby: â€Å"While the Author cannot but feel the full force of the compliment thus conveyed to him, he ventures

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Reaction paper - Essay Example That he was a former Jew and an insider makes what he is saying believable. There is no doubt that there are things about the World Wars that we are not aware of. Whether they were dispensable pieces of history or intentionally left out so as not to tarnish the image of the bloodshed in the Holocaust and to make those atrocities take an impact in the minds of people is something worth asking. What is very evident from the introduction of the speech was that it fully takes on an anti-Jewish approach or to say it directly, it is very anti-Semitic. â€Å"Here in the United States, the Zionists and their co-religionists have complete control of our government† (Freedman, n.p.). Benjamin Freedman tells us that what happened are all products of the propaganda of powerful Jewish people but I can’t stop feeling that in some way he has propaganda of his own. Throughout the speech he was very persuasive among Christians to take a second look at the lies Jews proliferated and how they have been kept in the dark all these years. Perhaps it was the best tone to convince people to what he is saying but the generalization of Jews makes it uneasy to take in without a second thought. It is very effective in that even I now begin to reconsider my knowledge of World War II and how it has portrayed Germany and rethink whether it was truly a genocide or just plain casualties of war.

Logistics and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Logistics and Operations Management - Essay Example Therefore, logistics and operations management (LOM) is the larger field that is concerned with the direction of activities targeted at the creation of goods and services by transforming inputs. Further, LOM also involves ensuring that these goods and services are sold profitably (Burke 2007, p. 47). In every industry and organization, LOM covers the entire supply chain starting from acquiring raw materials, through the production process, distribution and consumption. This makes supply chain management a crucial component of LOM for every industry and business. For instance, the construction industry is one of the most critical sectors in Europe and is still going through vital transformations focused on green and sustainable construction. At the same time, the industry is also keen to capitalize on the opportunities offered by the digital economy to maximize effectiveness and efficiency in productivity (Mallik 2010, p. 16). Basing on the nature of its operations, the construction i ndustry is one that can be said to be characterised more by short or long term projects rather than the production, marketing, distribution and selling processes of the consumer products market. This aspect further complicates the LOM of the industry and will require highly detailed and professional project management (Flick, Kardorff & Steinke 2004, p. 206). Being among the most globally adverse businesses, the construction industry cannot avoid transformation. This paper will use theory to suggest reengineering of the construction industry’s supply chain and project management and the advantages that would be realised by employing suitable processes. To achieve this, it will be imperative to first analyse and describe the current position and the inherent weaknesses and then propose the necessary changes. This research will primarily aim to bring to light the factors that hinder the successful

Dream Interpretation (Jung vs. Freud) Essay Example for Free

Dream Interpretation (Jung vs. Freud) Essay There is indeed a point where Freud and Jung would agree and disagree as to the interpretation of the particular dream. For Freud dreams is a conscious expression of our fantasies or wishes that is not available when one is awake. It means that for Freud, dreams are meaningful. On the other hand, Jung thinks the reverse of what Freud believed. He considers dreams as expression of the unconscious psychic process. However, obviously they both believed that the images in dreams have a meaning and values of its own for the dreamer. For Freud, the dreamer images are perhaps representing the dreamer’s early childhood wishes or those that one longs for long times but have never have it. Thus, he sees it as a satisfaction of desires. But for Jung, dreams are simply a natural manifestation of the unconscious, which means that it is just natural for any one to dream suggesting that it is possible also to see the image that one regularly is exposed to. In the given dream, both Freud and Jung would agree that dream has a meaning of its own. Freud might agree that most of the images in the dream could be interpreted simply as product of natural manifestation of the unconscious since they are all imaginative except of the image of his mother and the dreamer’s longing for the mother’s warmth. The point of agreement was that the nature of the dream could be interpreted as both a mere product of the unconscious psychic processes of Jung and it can also be interpreted as satisfaction of desires in view of the longing for the mother’s warmness amidst the coldness the dreamer felt. However, they would certainly disagree in the interpretation of its meaning. Jung will certainly interpret this dream simply as natural manifestation of the unconscious in view of the images which are mere fantasies. The image of the mother could just be part of the natural psychic process and nothing more. But Freud will interpret it as a symbol of longings for relationship, perhaps for family which is not accessible in the real life.

Advantages Of Women Entrepreneurs Business Essay

Advantages Of Women Entrepreneurs Business Essay In India women entrepreneurs play a very pivotal role. They are not only educated, talented, confident, ambitious and career oriented but they also know their minds. This helps them to juggle the tasks, manage all the chores and strike a fine balance between the professional and personal lives. They have a good foresight, patience, negotiating and budgeting skills. Today, women have demonstrated their multitasking ability. Women entrepreneurs can certainly initiate, organize, plan and operate their small and medium venture efficiently. Affirming this notion, Ms. Husain Chairperson and Managing Director of Shanaz Husain Group of companies elaborate, the women who is creative finds greater freedom to translate her creativity and ideas when she has her own enterprise. For those women without high professional qualifications and those who are from a lower economic sector, entrepreneurship is a means of earning money and contributing to the family income. However, the challenge for the larger sections of women in India lies in crossing the threshold, overcoming barriers and discovering their own potential and identity. The climate is more conducive today and the time is right. C:UsershclDesktopwomen-business.jpg ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS Advantages of women entrepreneurs are as follows: 1. Emotional Intelligence Women are more emotionally intelligent than man and possess good interpersonal skills which are vital for framing strategies and building support. 2. Multitask Orientation Women have the ability of handling many tasks at the same time like talking on the phone, reading their mails, scheduling what else needs to be finished for the rest of the day and giving excellent results. They balance their families and career simultaneously effectively. Men are known to have been more troublesome with multitasking tending to focus on one or two things, thus wasting opportunities. 3. Self-Branding Attitude Woman entrepreneurs are extremely passionate by nature and enthusiastic about their choices, talking about them and sharing their thoughts. They emphasize the benefits of their services to their potential clients and are aware of how to highlight the positive features. 4. Patience Women entrepreneurs are very patience by nature and have great vision. Visionary entrepreneurs giving up on their dreams after only some months as a consequence of becoming impatient with the process only proves that the vision is not enough. The ability to wait and see is a key attribute in order to receive positive outcomes and women have it naturally. 5. Motivation Women entrepreneurs have a great passion for the work and a commitment to society. If they have the drive to pursue entrepreneurship, it means they are not afraid of taking any risks and will also make monetary gains. They possess the inner strength to continue and searches all possible means to share their business ideas with others. The increasing number of women entrepreneurs can promote economic and social equity which facilitates self-fulfillment for individuals, and improve the use of valuable human capital. Feminine traits and talents can be seen as sources of power with great advantages for entrepreneurship. In the near future women may be closing the venture capital gender gap. DISADVANTAGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS Family Considerations In the United States, women are more likely to shoulder a greater share of child-rearing duties. Children may demand their mothers undivided attention, which can be a challenge for female entrepreneurs to deal with. Building and running a new business requires a great deal of time, which may conflict with ones family obligations. Women in this situation must balance their family life with their duties as entrepreneurs. For example, parents can communicate about the need to devote some time during the day solely on business, while other times can be devoted to family matters. Confidence Although both men and women can face issues of self-doubt, or lack confidence to compete in the business market, men do not suffer from the same degree of prejudgment as do women entrepreneurs. For example, male business leaders may not believe that their female counterparts can compete or innovate to the degree that men can. The basis of these views are stereotypes about women. Having female mentors and confidants can help instill self confidence in your abilities as a female entrepreneur. Financial Barrier The foremost disadvantage of female entrepreneurship is the capital financing barrier. When starting a business, entrepreneurs need to line up capital to get the business off of the ground. Female entrepreneurs often get their initial funding from family loans, savings and credit cards. However, women can obtain capital from government startup programs, self-funding and venture capitalists. When women have promising business ideas, it is less difficult for them to obtain startup capital. Therefore, having solid business plan helps in reducing the finance barrier for women. Lack of Networks Female entrepreneurs are more likely to encounter difficulty because they are less likely to be associated with networks of people who can help them in launching and sustaining businesses. Networks include people who provide mentorship, help and valuable information to entrepreneurs. Men tend to dominate the highest levels of corporate leadership. Therefore, there are fewer women available to provide valuable advice to female entrepreneurs. Women also face customer/supplier discrimination, which occurs when customers or suppliers discriminate against women-owned firms. In response, women business leaders can create their own networks to cultivate the success of female entrepreneurs. Female Entrepreneurs Versus Male Entrepreneurs Do men have an advantage over women when it comes to starting a business? Historically, research has seemed to show that men have an advantage over women when it comes to starting a business. More recent research indicates that the perceived disparity between male and female entrepreneurs doesnt actually exist and gender is not a determining factor in the success or failure of a new business venture. But even though gender itself doesnt put female entrepreneurs at a disadvantage, the statistics point to several other factors that can impact the performance of women-owned business startups: Experience Expectations Statistically, men benefit from more business experience and higher expectations prior to opening a business. This may give men a confidence advantage when they launch a business, but according to the numbers women are more likely to report positive revenues. So whats the lesson? If you are a female entrepreneur, you shouldnt be intimidated by male counterparts even if they seem to enjoy more experience, higher expectations, and greater confidence. Risk Tolerance According to the numbers, female owners are more likely to prefer low risk/low return businesses. Male entrepreneurs, on the other hand, are more likely to start technologically intensive businesses, businesses that lose their competitive advantage more quickly, and businesses that have a less geographically localized customer base. In other words, men tend to embrace more risk than women in a new business venture. Risk is sometimes unavoidable as a business owner. But for the most part, female entrepreneurs should take steps to maintain a healthy balance between risk and reward in their companies. Education, Business Size, Hours Worked   As it turns out many of the differences that have been thought to exist between male and female business owners are more myth than reality. When all other variables are taken into account, male and female entrepreneurs have the same education levels, start businesses of similar sizes, and work roughly the same amount of hours. Since the notion that female entrepreneurs are less educated with smaller companies and less time to devote to their business is false, female small business owners should feel relieved of much of the pressure to prove themselves to their peers and more free to enjoy the fruits of their entrepreneurial endeavors. CONCLUSION Women are known for their multitasking ability; they have lot of responsibilities to fulfill such as household duties, office duties and in case of mothers, it becomes too difficult for them to step out of the house, for specific time and work in their area of interest. Because of this most of women dont get chance to go for jobs although it is their passion.   A woman, having flexible working hours and a choice of job will show miracles in the market. Starting business at home is a great opportunity for any women to start their journey in a corporate world.   It is proven that woman who runs her own business is happier than a woman who works for others. Advanced technology has given a chance to start and manage their business from home and to pursue their dream of becoming an entrepreneur. This will help them to make money for themselves while relaxing at home. They can work wherever and whenever they want. Because of this they can maintain a balance between their personal and professional life.

School Examinations Should Be Abolished Essay -- essays research paper

Examinations, as we know it, have emerged to be the main facet of modern education in the ever-changing landscape of academia. In an education infrastructure that is as unpredictable as the clouds, it is somewhat ironic that the system of examinations as a means of judging a student’s ability has prevailed through the years. Every person, in their quest for knowledge, would inevitably encounter numerous modes of examinations throughout the course of their academic journey. As much importance has been attached to it in virtually every academic institutions across the globe, the voices of those who lobby for its eradication are seldom heard, let alone be considered seriously. There are various reasons for policymakers to initiate a rethink of the much-vaunted examination system. I am of the opinion that the time has come for us to abolish this system, a system which has come under fire from multiple sections of the community, particularly the students. As it is, examinations are timed written or oral assessments held at the end of an academic term. It serves to asses a student’s knowledge and comprehension of all the subjects he has studied over the course of the term. Rather than tracking a student’s progress over the course of the term, it judges his/her ability over a handful of written or oral pieces. This is obviously not an accurate indication of one’s progress. Take for example the case of an intelligent and dexterous student who never fails to impress teachers and peers alike in his daily homework and assignments, but fell miserably short of the marks when it comes to the examinations, due to unforeseen circumstances that are not within his influence. These so-called â€Å"unforeseen circumstances† might be familial problems t... ...people society is saturated with presently, unfortunately. On a final note, the time is ripe for all concerned to take a step back and re-assess the real benefits of examinations. It is an exigent circumstance which we are in. As society evolves and technology advances, there is much more to education than simply monotonously memorizing the bare facts of the world. The globalised world of today requires our children to embrace the earth and be innovative. Creativity fuels the innovation engine, with examinations, it is difficult to see how the imaginative aspects of their minds can be developed. One can envision the miserable world our future generations will thrive in, if no steps are taken to keep up with the present day’s needs. We cannot allow ourselves to be entrenched in deeply traditional methods, antiquated values no longer function in this day and age.

Islamic Commodity Market Essay

1.0. Introduction The operations in the general business environment are very dynamic by nature. There is no doubt that the financial markets as well as the commodity markets need to structure their business operations, so as to meet the changing business environment demands as well as the expectations (United States. Congress. Senate. 2004). The main challenge for the main market players is to consistently be at pace with the business environment developments, so as to have in place effective as well as timely establishments of operation standards and regulations. A number of international initiatives have focused on the state of operations of the commodity market in the Islamic market. This has been done so as to establish standards as well as benchmarks, which are set to strengthen the world commodity market. The research study intends to contribute to the need for establishing a regulator commodity market, especially in the Saudi Arabia financial market (The Economist 2006). The Islamic commodity market is one of the major aspects in the world commodity market, which has achieved tremendous growth in the recent past. This is to the extent of being a substantial component within the global commodity market, and has thus gained a lot of interest as the crucial component of the world financial market (Europa Publications Staff, 2002). The increasing demands as well as awareness for establishing investment portfolios to be in line with the shariah principles at the global market, have acted as stimulators towards establishing the Islamic commodity market as the world’s most attractive industry. This is an indicator of the growth of the wealth base as well as the potential of the investors, who could either be Muslim or non Muslim, to find ways and invest in commodities which meet their needs and expectations (El-Gamal, 2006). Research questions The research questions to be answered in this research study provide a basis, for establishing the importance of establishing a form of regulator commodity market in the financial market of Saudi Arabia. The aspect which is being focused on in this research study is the reasons as to why a regulator form of commodity market should be established, especially in Saudi Arabia. The research questions will therefore act as a guide to activities of the research study (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Core research question The main aim of the research study is to assess the need for establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the land of Saudi Arabia, and the effects on the business transactions which take place in the Islamic market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). The other research questions that need to be covered in this research study include: 1. What are some of the factors which influence the conduction of business transactions in the Islamic market? 2. What are the likely effects of establishing a regulator form of commodity market in the .land of Saudi Arabia? 3. Who are the major players in the Islamic market and what role do they play in the business transactions? 4. To what extent are the major players likely to influence the operations of the Islamic commodity market? 5. What potential effects does regulation of the Islamic commodity market have on the Islamic finance and the general business transactions? Research objectives The main intention of this research study is to establish, the importance of establishing a regulator in the Islamic commodity market especially in the suggested location Saudi Arabia. The importance of the regulator is assessed in terms of the effects to the Islamic financial market, as well as the general business transactions. The research study is intended at providing a sound bases upon which conclusive research findings can be made, as to the need for regulating the commodities market. Both the secondary and primary data will be analysed to assess the current state of operations of the Islamic commodities market, and the need for a regulator. Therefore, data will highlight the importance of establishing the current state of operations in the Islamic commodity market, and finally, for the research study to meet its intended research objectives (Taylor & Francis Group and Dean, 2004). 2.0 Literature review Islamic commodity market The establishment of a distinct Islamic commodity market, whereby a number of investments as well as financing activities are established in accordance to the requirements of the Shariah principles, can be described as the outcome of the continued growth of the Islamic financial sector. There have been demands to address the issues of liquidity of the Islamic banks like Altauaruq and Almurabha among others, as well as the takaful operators in the various Islamic countries. There have also been efforts to establish a regulatory framework for the Islamic commodity market, and make clear the Shariah principles on the commodities which should are allowed to be involved in the business transactions at the commodity market (Davis and Azizian, 2006). In general, the Shariah principles that govern the conduction of business transactions at the commodities market states that the non legal transactions are those activities, which involves the use of interest and the commodities that have a certain level of uncertainties attached to them. Gambling is also prohibited as well as food and drinks among many other immoral activities (International Monetary Fund, 2006). Regulatory framework In the commodities market, an effective legal and supervisory as well as a regulatory framework establishes the essential ground for the operations of a modern commodity market. For the dynamic market like the Islamic commodity market, it is crucial that a conducive form of regulatory framework be established. This is to appropriately control the activities of the Islamic commodity market. A number of participants are allowed to address, any of the influences which affect the effective business operations of the market, as well as the innovations or even hinder the participation in the Islamic commodities market (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Considering the levels and number of business activities being carried out at this market, an analysis is being made to determine the need for having a regulator in place within this conventional market. The first hypothesis which can be established in this research study is whether, the establishment of the Islamic commodity market will make any positive influence on the levels of Islamic finance, as the other regulatory frameworks have managed to influence the other Islamic finance markets (Fadzli, 2003). To that extent, the second hypothesis is to assess the extent to which, the regulator of the Islamic commodity market will not make any improvements. Considering that the operations at the Islamic commodities market involve both legal and non legal business transactions, the third hypothesis is made in relation to whether the establishment of the regulator will cut down the levels of occurrence of the illegal business transactions. The fourth hypothesis in that respect is that, th e establishment of the regulator will not cut down the level of the illegal business transactions at the Islamic commodity market. By justifying the above mentioned hypotheses, the research study will have established the importance of having a regulator in the Islamic commodity market, and in this case the proposed regulator is Saudi Arabia (Al-Rifai, 2003). 3.0 Research design and methodology To establish the need for having a regulator Islamic commodity market, especially in the land of Saudi Arabia, the research sample for this research study will be administered with questionnaires. The targeted respondents are the to the top management officers of the major commodity markets and financial institutions in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population shall be 50 companies in the Islamic commodity market. The sample population has been chosen so as to avoid the feasibility problems, associated with the research studies. Qualitative as well as quantitative data will be collected. Quantitative data shall be collected from the primary sources, which shall be analysed by the use of statistical techniques, compiled and presented using tools like graphs and charts among other techniques. Qualitative data shall be collected by the use of open ended questions in the questionnaires, which will be subjective in nature as they will represent the personal opinions of the targ eted respondents. The qualitative data will support the quantitative data, in areas where the quantitative data will be having deviations from the factors under consideration (Al-Rifai, 2003). The survey questionnaires shall be administered, considering the fact that they are easy and simple to use on the part of the researcher and the respondents. The research objectives and questions shall all be encompassed in the information in the research questionnaires. The qualitative approach will involve the answering of questions which relate to the nature of operations of the commodity market markets, with the intention of establishing the need for having a regulator in the commodity market. Thus the survey study has the potential of highlighting the operations of the commodity market, and the mechanisms involved which demands for regulatory measures to be carried out (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Resources In order to meet the identified research questions and objectives, the researcher will use the relevant literature resources. These sources will include books, Journals and the other relevant publications in the areas of Islamic commodity market and regulations. The knowledge as well as the research information which will be encompassed and assessed for validity of the research findings, will include resources from online libraries like EBSCO, Amazon, Blackwell publications, the emerald journals and the other sources like Questia (Henry and Wilson, 2004). Access to the study population One of the challenges that the researcher anticipates to encounter in carrying out the research study is the accessing the targeted respondents. So as to meet this challenge, the below strategies have been devised, so as to have access to the respondents to obtain the crucial information for the research study. The researcher will obtain permission letters, which will be approved by the research department at the university. This letters will then be supplied to the top management officers seeking for permission to include them in the research study, and to use their companies as a sample of the research population. In addition to that, the researcher will assure the respondents that the information obtained from the research study shall be used for academic purposes only, and not for any other purposes unless permission is sought from them (Al-Rifai, 2003).